Cub Scouting focuses on character development.
Throughout the year, boys participate in programs and activities emphasize Cub Scouting's 12 Core Values:

1.     Citizenship
2.     Compassion
3.     Cooperation
4.     Courage
5.     Faith
6.     Health & Fitness
7.     Honesty
8.     Perserverance
9.     Positive Attitude
10.     Resourcefulness
11.     Respect
12.     Responsibility

The grace of the scouting program--what makes it different from many other programs--is that these values are taught though fun activities.  The boys build friendships, and memories that anchor their decision making skils in these Core Values.  Here is an example of a scout leaders' podcast about the Core Value of Citizenship:

Important to note: while "Faith" is one of the Core Values, this is not meant to imply preference for any particular religious view.  Scouts can earn a religious emblem award, specific to their individual faith.  Details of the Emblems of Faith Awards program can be found here.